Pre-eclampsia or toxemia, symptoms include high blood pressure, retention of fluids,  and  swelling of extremities. It is a serious complication of pregnancy which can result in premature births, maternal and fetal illness, or death.

A study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciencesfound this:”Our results showed that maternal vitamin D deficiency early in pregnancy is a strong, independent risk factor for preeclampsia, said Lisa M. Bodnar, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D., assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health (GSPH) and lead author of the study. Women who developed preeclampsia had vitamin D concentrations that were significantly lower early in pregnancy compared to women whose pregnancies were normal. And even though vitamin D deficiency was common in both groups, the deficiency was more prevalent among those who went on to develop preeclampsia”.

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